Decision fatigue

Decision fatigue Last Saturday night, I was in my kitchen, looking down at two Pyrex containers on my counter. On the left was slow-cooked chicken thighs; on the right was grilled chicken tenderloins. My goal was to decide which I would have for dinner. I looked to the left, and the right, and back again, unable to pick, unable to think about picking,  for about ten minutes, before my phone rang and jerked me out of my stupor. A friend was in the area and asked if I wanted to get dinner. Rejoicing that once again capitalism would treat the symptoms without curing the underlying disease, I said that why yes, that would be great. So my friend asked the natural followup question about where or what I would like to eat, brightly rattling off several local options. I paused for a beat, then a few more. Uhh A solid minute of silence, broken only by more interjections of my own indeterminacy, passed by before my friend tentatively asked hey are you okay? Thats when I knew that decision fatigue had set in early this year. Decision fatigue  is a term from the behavioral psychology literature. It refers to the observed phenomenon that making decisions depletes your ability to make future decisions, either as well or, as in my case last Saturday night, at all.   It is not something I had ever experienced before I began my career as an admissions officer, but Ive come to recognize it as something of an occupational hazard, like being bleary-eyed, or having a crick in your neck01 Ive been seeing the same massage therapist for five years. Its gotten to the point where she can tell when, and how long, Ive been in committee by feeling which muscles are tight, and how tight they are. I am not making this up. from looking at an  external monitor  all day. I begin each reading season knowing that, from the moment I begin reading applications or serving in committee, my ability to make lots of decisions quickly and well is going to decrease. Theres no way to prevent it, only ways to manage it better. Its hard to manage decision fatigue for a few reasons. The first, and most obvious, is that its our  job  to make lots of decisions quickly and well; it is our job, in other words, to become cognitively exhausted, in the way that when I was a landscaper in high school it was my job to become physically exhausted. There are things we can do to mitigate cognitive exhaustion: Ive blogged before about how I structure my reading  into a block schedule, with intense periods of focused reading broken up by intervals of noncognitive activities like cooking, cleaning, or exercising, and we take mandatory breaks during committee, buy low-glycemic index snacks to avoid spikes and crashes, and try to structure our non-admissions related work (like redesigning a website, for example) outside of reading season to reserve our cognitive capacity for what really matters. But at a certain point, its our job to make decisions, and thus to become fatigued by them, and we cant avoid it entirely. The second is that decision fatigue doesnt observe work/life boundaries: making decisions at work reduces your ability to make them at home,02 In fact, if these conditions persist, they can be profound and life-altering: in 2013, emScience/em published an a href=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6149/976article/a that found the extra marginal decisions that came with being poor, like needing to bargain-shop for commodities, cumulatively exhausted cognitive capacities, and disabled good judgment, equivalent to about a full night’s sleep, or 13 IQ points. and vice versa.  Most admissions officers dread reading season weight gain, which comes not so much from being more sedentary but from decreasing ability to observe a healthy diet and say no to a bag of chips (or four). Meanwhile, life decisions feed back into work: a friend of mine has been sick, and Ive been helping make a lot of medical decisions, and Im sure thats reduced my capacity to make as many admissions decisions at the same time. This is one reason why I food prep and wear the same rotation of flannels and sweaters this time of year: to routinize my life as much as possible, a longstanding practice helpfully validated in an  interview by President Obama, someone who had many more important decisions to make than me: “You’ll see I wear only gray or blue suits,” he said. “I’m trying to pare down decisions. I don’t want to make decisions about what I’m eating or wearing. Because I have too many other decisions to make.” He mentioned research that shows the simple act of making decisions degrades one’s ability to make further decisions. It’s why shopping is so exhausting. “You need to focus your decision-making energy. You need to routinize yourself. You can’t be going through the day distracted by trivia.” A third reason its hard to manage decision fatigue is because its initially hard to detect, because, in a corollary of the Dunning-Kruger effect, the same forces that exhaust your cognitive functions also exhaust the  metacognitive  functions that allow you to assess how exhausted you are. I knew that I was cognitively fatigued, but I didnt realize the degree until that conversation on Saturday night. In my post on MIT and/as Marathon, I wrote: When I was a grad student, I didn’t make time for sleep or exercise, or to eat right, and my brain suffered for it, because Descartes was wrong about dualism, and we must take care of our whole selves for any part of ourselves to improve. It is possible to overtrain your brain as much as you can overtrain your body. I’ve done both. Sometimes, knowing your limits is the only way you can expand them, like gently stretching a tight muscle rather than quickly snapping it. The thing is, its usually easier to tell when your body is injured or exhausted, because it  hurts  and it cant do things it usually can. When I went to the gym this morning and couldnt finish my warmups because I was so physically tired from the last week, that was a sign that I shouldnt do any more deadlifts, because my body was too tired to do them safely or well. After some difficulty with overtraining, Ive learned to become better at listening to my body; Im trying to become better about listening to my brain when it, too, hurts or cant do things it usually can. Normally, I try to reset on Sundays. My grandfather, an evangelical minister, likes to quote an old Baptist book of wisdom that the best rest is not idleness as such but rather a change of activity. Indeed, the book of Exodus prescribes crop rotations to reset the health of the land; the book of Leviticus prescribes debt jubilees to reset the health of a nations finances. For me, a reset usual means yoga, food prep, laundry, ironing, and maybe some reading or a video game.03 I used to watch football, but theres a bunch of reasons I try to avoid it now, so instead I have been on a big emGod of War/em kick. But then negotiating all the runic puzzles required too much choice, so I set it aside until I could get to a point of mindlessly murdering ogres again. But because of all this other stuff, Ive been unable to observe my own change of activity, and I can feel that cognitive debt accumulating. My hope is that a few days at home for the holidays will pay down the interest and float me through EA Decisions Day in mid-December. Id originally intended to catch up on a backlog of work over the next few days, but I dont think thatd be listening to my brain like Im trying to do, or doing whats best for me (and our applicants) moving forward. This time of year, I need to be careful where I spend my spoons. The backlog can wait. Thats why its a backlog. Ill try to eat a lot of turkey, read some  Earthsea, and make as few decisions as possible until Monday morning. I realize, belatedly,04 Perhaps because Im cognitively fatigued as I write this? ?_(?)_/? that one unintended effect of this post might make applicants concerned about decision fatigue with respect to their own individual application05 Now, one piece of practical advice I can give you with all of this context: this is why you shouldnt make your applications any harder to read, interpret, or evaluate than absolutely necessary. Everything in your file, from the way you use line breaks in essays to the fonts on supplemental materials, is going to make your application more or less marginally exhausting to read. One pragmatic reason why your college application is (probably) not the place to get too experimental, or to be internally inconsistent or erratic, at least for highly selective schools, is that each marginal interpretation adds to the cognitive load of understanding and evaluating a case, which in term makes it more likely that some aspect of your application will be misunderstood. I have known amazing students who were emterrible /emat filling out their applications (emlooks meaningfully at Nisha/em) because it was so erratic and chaotic it took extra effort to understand how awesome they actually were. Part of being your own best self-advocate is making your application emreadable/em above all else. to MIT. But I dont think you should be alarmed for a couple of reasons. First: some version of this is going to be true for basically  any  college you apply to, or frankly any sufficiently any competitive selection process at any point in your life. This is something I have learned to accept in my own life of applying for grad school and jobs, and it has liberated me from the debilitating perfectionism and anxiety often associated with applying to things.  Judge Hercules is a fiction; admissions realism is descriptively correct. Humans, with all of their strengths and weaknesses, are reading and interpreting your applications. If that is surprising to youthen I guess the blogs have failed you. Second:  any good institution solves for inevitable individual shortcomings with better process. I described above some of the ways that we take care of ourselves during this time of year, but we also have processes to try to correct for ambiguities and inconsistencies, e.g.  by having lots of  rounds  of reading and committee, with lots of different eyes looking at them at different times, and lots of different methods of framing applications that are deployed at different stages, so that the  cumulative  cognition allocated to each application is sufficient to give us confidence in our assessments. This process is  itself  exhausting, but its exhausting in a way that gets us over the finish line. Its also why, when people ask me to describe our process, I often do so as incredibly inefficient in a way that reliably produces good decisions. Not  despite,  but  because of. This is also a request, I guess, to please be kind to the admissions officers in your life this time of year. If we arent responding to your emails as quickly as you might hope, or if were in a daze at Thanksgiving dinner and cant figure out which sides to put where, just know its probably because we are reserving our cognitive capacity for where it counts most: making good decisions on your applications, as best as we can, until theyre all made. I dont have a good way to end this post, so here is a picture of me spinning something thats extremely on fire;06 Now that I think of it, spinning things that are on fire and trying to keep in them moving in the right direction while not being burned isnt a bad visual metaphor for my subjective experience of reading season. Ill leave it up to decide if this is a good or bad decision so I dont have to. pc Nastia at EC Day I've been seeing the same massage therapist for five years. It's gotten to the point where she can tell when, and how long, I've been in committee by feeling which muscles are tight, and how tight they are. I am not making this up. back to text ? In fact, if these conditions persist, they can be profound and life-altering: in 2013, Science published an article  that found the extra marginal decisions that came with being poor, like needing to bargain-shop for commodities, cumulatively exhausted cognitive capacities, and disabled good judgment, equivalent to about a full night’s sleep, or 13 IQ points. back to text ? I used to watch football, but there's a bunch of reasons I try to avoid it now, so instead I have been on a big God of War kick. But then negotiating all the runic puzzles required too much choice, so I set it aside until I could get to a point of mindlessly murdering ogres again. back to text ? Perhaps because I'm cognitively fatigued as I write this? ?\_(?)_/? back to text ? Now, one piece of practical advice I can give you with all of this context: this is why you shouldn't make your applications any harder to read, interpret, or evaluate than absolutely necessary. Everything in your file, from the way you use line breaks in essays to the fonts on supplemental materials, is going to make your application more or less marginally exhausting to read. One pragmatic reason why your college application is (probably) not the place to get too experimental, or to be internally inconsistent or erratic, at least for highly selective schools, is that each marginal interpretation adds to the cognitive load of understanding and evaluating a case, which in term makes it more likely that some aspect of your application will be misunderstood. I have known amazing students who were terrible  at filling out their applications (looks meaningfully at Nisha) because it was so erratic and chaotic it took extra effort to understand how awesome they actually were. Part of being your own best self-advocate is making your application  readable above all else. back to text ? Now that I think of it, spinning things that are on fire and trying to keep in them moving in the right direction while not being burned isn't a bad visual metaphor for my subjective experience of reading season. back to text ?

Women Of The Middle Eastern Countries - 2043 Words

There are so many problems in the world that many people can’t seem to agree or disagree on. Some of these issues are based on some of the simplest things such as ethnic background, who you are married too, how you live your life and the decisions some countries make that affect a whole people. Some of these issues can and have moved into a nationwide or worldwide struggle to change the issues at hand. Women have rights in countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Germany, parts of Egypt, and a few other European countries. But a lot of the Middle Eastern countries don’t really respect their women as such. Men are looked at as superior to the women, for example, in the United States a woman can get the same job or better as those jobs for men. But in countries such as Iraq and Afghanistan, women aren’t even allowed to leave their homes without permission from the men of the house let alone get a job. A lot of times, even women who are raped are killed for defiling the family’s honour. A 16 year old Jordanian girl had her throat slit by her brother after having been raped by one of her other brothers. A 12 year old Jordanian girl returned home one evening from a walk with her friends and was confronted by her raging father who was yelling that she had dishonored the entire family. He proceeded to beat her with sticks and iron chains until she died. Everyone raise your hand if you have a sister. (RAISE HAND) Lets keep in mind that we all know people likeShow MoreRelatedWomen in the Middle East During the Late 19th and Early 20th Century905 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in the Middle East During the Late 19th and Early 20th Century As a result of Western imperialism circa 1900, throughout the Middle East things began to change. European writers and tourists flooded into Middle Eastern countries and developed a very exoticized view of the men and particularly women who lived there. Ultimately the general consensus was that Middle Eastern women were oppressed by Middle Eastern men. Through the Western lens this perceived oppression was indicative of the â€Å"uncivilized†Read MoreCcot823 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 1800’s to present day, the Middle East has undergone many changes and continuities causing formation of their national identity, main factors that contributed were social aspects on society, government structure, and the strong religious roots they possess. The majority of changes occurred through the society aspects with the treatment of women and the discovery of oil. In Middle Eastern history women have had limited rights and have always been unequal to men. Women have always remained v ery conservative;Read MoreWomen And The Middle East Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesWomen, or the female human being as defined in the dictionary, have been the discussion for so many ages. They have defended their sexuality, rights and had to fight for their equality with men. In the public view, we see that the image of women in the west differ from the east or that is what have been known for years. The image of women in the west is outgoing, free, and equal to men. While in the east, women as published in media, news, etc is dying of poverty, sexual violence, and being overpoweredRead MoreAnalysis A Look behind the Veil1476 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis Project of â€Å"A Look Behind the Veil† Thesis statement: Middle-Eastern and North African clothing culture is distinguished from other cultures by the veil, a clothing that provokes many reactions from authors and debates between the Western and Eastern people. Subject: The main topic of this text is the veil in North African and Middle-Eastern regions. Western people and Middle-Eastern people do not share the same opinion about its use, while the occidental region considers it as a simpleRead MoreThe Importance Of Cross Cultural Differences Play1123 Words   |  5 Pagesextroversion, of women during three separate stages as well as determine if the results were affected by sociocultural family of origin and education level (Weisenberg et al., 1989). The researchers attempted to measure pain rating during the following stages of childbirth: (1) after the complete dilation of the cervix; (2) when the mother was instructed to push; (3) right after the child had left the mother (Weisenberg et al., 1989). Numerical data was obtained from each of the women at the start ofRead MoreWomens Pain Perception in Childbirth738 Words   |  3 Pageseighty-three women and examined the effects of cultural and educational influences on the pain in childbirth. The eighty-three women are divided into Middle-Eastern women and Western women. 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From the day we are born, we are led and pushed towards what the normal female or male does on a daily life. Gender roles have always existed even before history was written. The roles in gender is always going to shift whether the female has more power than the male. Though in many ancient societies men have been more dominant then the female. Gender roles are not defined, but are impressed upon us by family,Read MoreAnaly sis Of Ayaan Hirsi Ali Speaks Of Honor Killings And Forced Marriages1519 Words   |  7 Pagesmarriages in Middle Eastern society in the The AHA Foundation 2nd Annual Conference. She begins with describing her personal situation when she was younger; her arranged marriage to a relative and then her escape to the Netherlands at the age of twenty-two in an effort to avoid this marriage where she was met with an entirely different culture where the pressure of the honor of the family was not forced upon females by both female and male parties within the family. She noted how Dutch women wore whatRead MoreMiddle Eastern Women Rights in Islamic Society1419 Words   |  6 PagesWomen Rights of the Middle East â€Å"Life is full of unhappiness and most of it caused by women (Harik and Marston 11)†. For women in the Middle East life is faced with great and unequal odds, as their human rights are limited, due to Islamic beliefs and that of patriarchy. From their daily actions at home to their physical appearance, Middle Eastern women are portrayed as quiet, faceless women veiled from head to toe. While this image is just another stereotype, women in the middle do face many obstacles

The Wage Disparity That Exists Between Executives And...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report examines the starting wage disparity that exists between executives and employees and the adverse implications that this disparity has on the economy. Thirty years ago, the average executive in the United States earned 42 times what the average employee made. In 2012, the average executive earned 354 times what the average employee made. Canada has similar wage disparity ratios, also trending with an increase in the ratio as the years progress. In contrast, Japan’s executives made 16 times what the average worker made. A company’s board of directors, specifically its compensation committee, is responsible for determining executive compensation. Much of that power is subjective, and various studies have shown that the compensation justification is both fair at times or unfair at other times. The components of executive pay are base pay, bonuses, and long-term incentive plans. Several hypotheses on pay justification were derived from James B. Wade at the University of Illinois. Generally, the greater the shareholder involvement, the more market performance is emphasized; the greater the incentive bonuses are, the more accounting performance is emphasized. The fast food industry has the greatest wage disparity between CEOs and employees, with CEOs earning more than 1,000 times what the average worker makes. At an average wage of $9.09, even a full-time fast food worker would only make $19,000 in annually. Fast food workers have organizedShow MoreRelatedCommunity College Leadership Gap Analysis8105 Words   |  33 PagesDe-Frank, 2014, Eddy, 2013, Eddy, 2015, Enke, 2014, Floyd, 2016, Fujii, 2014, Gardner, 2013, Goltz, 2013, Grasmick, 2012, Hannum, 2015, Jones, 2015, Lennon, 2013, Morley, 2013 2014, Ortega, 2014 and Tartari, 2015), which is related to the gender wage gap (Claus, 2012, Cornacchione, 2013, Dahlvig, 2013, Enke, 2014, Goltz, 2013, Lennon, 2013, Morley, 2014, Tartari, 2015, Tekle, 2012, Pitts, 2014, and Bell, 2014). 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limitations of first amendment Free Essays

The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America speaks of certain guaranteed freedoms of the citizens. Said freedoms, are of paramount importance, and having been guaranteed by the supreme law of the land, it means that intrusions into said rights can not be countenanced. The First Amendment states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. We will write a custom essay sample on limitations of first amendment or any similar topic only for you Order Now It appears that the First Amendment speaks mainly of three fundamental rights of the citizens namely, the right to freely exercise one’s religion; freedom of speech and of the press; and the right to peaceably assemble. By virtue of the Constitution, intrusions respecting said rights cannot be allowed. It bears to stress that the First Amendment serves as a reminder that the branches of the government, in exercising their powers, must not step or intrude into said guaranteed rights. However, it must be borne in mind that the freedom granted to the citizens under the First Amendment is not absolute in character. There are certain limitations to the exercise of First Amendment rights wherein reasonable intrusion by the State is permitted in order to prevent dissension among the citizens and to avoid causing undue injury. In formulating laws, the primordial concern of the lawmakers is the furtherance and protection of the interests of the public in general. Hence, the laws, most especially the Constitution, cannot be used as a shield in justifying one’s act of injuring another. As will be discussed, law and jurisprudence have laid down the guidelines in exercising the freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment. So also, the limitations as to the exercise of First Amendment rights have been affirmed as necessary in order to regulate the conduct of citizens within the State. The first right mentioned under the First Amendment is the freedom of religion. The free exercise clause proscribes the State from sponsoring a certain form of religion. The State must be impartial as regards the different forms of religion within the State.   But more importantly, this clause grants to the citizens the freedom to be respected in their choice of belief. A citizen cannot be compelled by the State to choose and to practice a certain type of religion. A citizen is free to choose his own religion and is free to do acts in accordance with his or her belief. The limitation imposed upon the free exercise clause is aptly stated by the Court in the case of Cantwell vs. Connecticut thus, Freedom of conscience and freedom to adhere to such religious organization or form of worship as the individual may choose cannot be restricted by law. On the other hand, it safeguards the free exercise of the chosen form of religion. Thus, the amendment embraces two concepts—freedom to believe and freedom to act. The first is absolute, but in the nature of things, the second cannot be (310 US 296 (1940)). Hence, it appears that while an individual is granted by the Constitution the freedom to believe and to act in accordance to one’s belief, the exercise of said right cannot be limitless. The acts of an individual must be regulated by the State, even if the same be done as a way of professing his belief, if the same is already detrimental or prejudicial the interests of the public in general. If an individual does an act which is in contravention with a prohibitive law, he cannot use his religion as a defense. Infringement of said freedom is permitted when the unreasonable exercise of said right can cause danger and harm to the public interest. Although his freedom to believe is guaranteed by the Constitution, the same law cannot permit prejudice and injustice to prevail to spring from said freedom. An individual shall not be excused from complying with a law by reason of his religious belief, especially if the object of the law is a legitimate purpose, and if the same is not an attack against religion. It must always be borne in mind that the paramount concern of our laws is to promote and serve public interest. Hence, if a certain action on the part of a citizen can be characterized as a frustration of the interest of the public in general, it cannot be considered as protected by the First Amendment. The second part of the First Amendment speaks of the freedom of speech. Under this clause, one is free to express his own views and opinions. This clause indeed strengthens the State’s belief in the concept of democracy as the opinion of citizens is given weight and importance. Under the Constitution, an individual cannot be restrained when it comes to airing out his opinions and views either orally, in print, or through other mediums of communication. It is noteworthy, however, that this right is also limited in operation in the sense that not every form or speech or communication is protected by the law. It is settled that â€Å"there are certain well-defined and narrowly limited classes of speech, the prevention and punishment of which has never been thought to raise any Constitutional problems† (Chaplinsky vs. New Hapshire, 315 US 568 (1942)). It thus appears that not every utterance enjoys the freedom granted by the First Amendment. Examples of said unprotected speeches are libel and obscenity. Libelous words and statements cannot be countenanced under the law. The First Amendment cannot be used, for instance, as a justification for violating the right of another to privacy and to be free from undue vexations. It must not be forgotten that the freedom of speech is granted in order to recognize the value of the voice and views of the citizens. There can be no value as regards speech that are damaging to other parties. As the same already inflicts injury to another person, the perpetrator is not permitted to seek shelter under the First Amendment. The same can be said about obscene publications, being in contravention and offensive to the concept of chastity and decency. It is because of the grave injury caused by said utterances to the public in general that made them fall outside the ambit of the First Amendment protection. Lastly, the First Amendment speaks of the right of the people to peaceably assemble and to petition the government for the redress of their grievances. This is a fundamental right as the citizens are not restricted from gathering themselves in order for them to air out their opinions and bring their concerns to the government. In a number of cases, it has been settled that this right is connected to the freedom of expression since assembling and petitioning the government for redress is a form of expression. Hence, it can be said that the same limits imposed on the freedom of expression clause in the First Amendment can be applied to the freedom to peaceably assemble and petition the government. In the exercise of this right, the assembly must not be tainted with any form of violence which could bring undue injury to the public. So also, in petitioning the government for redress of their grievances, the same must be for valid grounds and must not amount to seditious acts. Otherwise, the same shall fall outside the scope of the First Amendment and will not merit any protection under the law. In the last analysis, it appears that the fundamental rights of religion, speech and peaceful assembly, although guaranteed by the First Amendment, cannot be exercised without limits. Said rights, while promoting the democratic character of our nation, must necessarily be regulated in order to avoid dissension among the citizens and in order to prevent undue injury. A certain level of restriction is necessary for the purpose of making sure that the exercise of said rights is done in furtherance of the objectives of the Constitution—promote peace, order and unity in the society, and not to create conflict and injustice within the State. If said freedoms are accorded without any form of regulation, abuse cannot be avoided, and hence, the very instruments formulated to further public interest can even cause the frustration of said interests. How to cite limitations of first amendment, Essay examples

Economics and Quantitative Analysis Economy Statistics

Question: (a) Provide a descriptive analysis of the two variables (e.g., mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum). (b) Develop a scatter diagram with retention rate as the independent variable. What does the scatter diagram indicate about the relationship between the two variables? (c) Develop and estimate a regression equation that can be used to predict the graduation rate (%) given the retention rate (%). (d) State the estimated regression equation and interpret the meaning of the slope coefficient. (e) Is there a statistically significant association between graduation rate (%) and retention rate (%). What is your conclusion? (f) Did the regression equation provide a good fit? Explain. (g) Suppose you were the president of South University. After reviewing the results, would you have any concerns about the performance of your university compared to other online universities? (h) Suppose you were the president of the University of Phoenix. After reviewing the results, would you have any concerns about the performance of your university compared to other online universities? Answers: 1. Purpose of the research The education sector of USA is growing at a faster pace due to the emergence of the new online universities who are providing easy access to the students. However Goodman (2011) opined that these universities face problems relating to fluctuation in graduation and retention rate of the students. The report will provide an analysis by using the different statistical methods. 2. Background of the research The report is prepared by considering the statistical data of 29 online universities of USA. The data of these 29 universities will help the researcher to analyze the fluctuations of the retention and the graduation rates of the students in the university. The research has also been conducted to analyze whether the co relation between the retention and the graduation rate influences the graduation rate or not (Hanke, 2010). 3. Methods used The use of technical and appropriate methods is essential for carrying out of the statistical analysis (De Maio, 2013).The researcher after considering the overall situation of the study selected the following methods as appropriate for conducting of the research. Microsoft excel SPSS Descriptive statistical analysis including calculation of mean, Standard deviation, minimum and maximum Scatter diagram presentation Preparation of regression equation 4. Results 4.1 Calculation of descriptive statistical analysis Discussion of results The results which are derived in the above three steps shows the relation between the graduation and the retention rates. Analysis of Descriptive statistics: The mean of graduation and the retention rate shows 57.41% and 41.76% respectively. Since the retention rate is higher hence it can be understood that the online universities are able to retain more than half of the students who took admission in the universities. However the low graduation rate indicates that the students could be retained but only half of them graduated. The standard deviation of the two variables shows that the retention rate is comparatively higher than the graduation rate. The minimum ad the maximum of the variables shows that retention rate is more variable in accordance to the graduation rate. Analysis of the scatter plot: The analysis of the scatter plot shows the factors namely the direction, form, strength and outliers. in this case the researcher found to experience a positive direction in the scatter diagram since the larger values are seen in case of retention and graduation rates. According to Zhang (2011), form in a scatter diagram are of different types namely no association, no linear association system, linear association and perfect linear association. The present research shows the results to be linear association. The analysis also shows that the strength is a moderate correlation which ranges between (0.35 r -0.55, 0.35 r 0.55). Hence it can be rightly deduced that the scatter plot between retention and graduation rates are moderate positively linear association. Regression equation analysis: The regression equation is: Graduation rate (G.R) = Intercept Coefficient+ Coefficient of retention rate * Retention rate Considering the values of intercept coefficient 25.42 and retention coefficient 0.2845 the regression will be as below: Graduation rate = 25.423 + 0.2845 * Retention Rate In this case the retention rate is considered to be zero and calculation shows that the co efficient of determination value is 0.449. This information shows that the use of regression model is fitted for the study. Gatignon (2014) has defined the goodness of fit of regression model as the appropriateness of the model for estimation of the variables. In this context it has been proved that any value near to 1is a confident estimation and value deviating from 1 is not a good estimation. The result of this case shows the coefficient to be 0.449 or 44.9% and the moderate estimation standard is 55% . Now since the value is below the moderate estimation hence the regression equation failed to deliver a good result and is not fit for the study. However the nature of the regression analysis shows a moderate relationship between the graduation and retention rates for the universities hence the use of the multiple regression analysis is necessary to get an in-depth knowledge and understanding of the situation, problems and relation. The result shows that the South University has a graduation rate of 25% with a retention rate of 51%. This result shows that among all the universities only South University has a good performance and the educational quality as well as the other factors provided by the university seems to be effective and efficient (Hilbe, 2011). In case of University of Phoenix the graduation rate is 28% and retention rate is 4%. This shows that this university needs to have concerns about the quality of education and quality of service provided beacau4 the retention rate is very low in case of this university. However since all the results are obtained from the relation of only two variables hence the results may deviate on actual calculation. Recommendations Since the study reveals a positive association between the graduation and the retention rate hence it can be recommended that the regression equation is not the best fitted method in this case. It can be ascertained that there are several external variables that influence the retention rate hence it is advisable to analyze the problems with the help of multiple regression analysis. The use of this method will help the researcher will get a deep rooted view of the problem. Reference list Books Fitzmaurice, G., Laird, N. and Ware, J. (2011).Applied longitudinal analysis. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Gatignon, H. (2014). Statistical Analysis of Management Data. Boston, MA: Imprint: Springer. Hilbe, J. (2011).Negative binomial regression. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Quick, J. (2010).Statistical analysis with R. Birmingham, UK: Packt Pub. Journals De Maio, F. (2013). Regression Analysis and the Sociological Imagination.TEST, 36(2), pp.52-57. Goodman, A. (2011). Emerging topics and challenges for statistical analysis and data mining.Statistical Analy Data Mining, 4(1), pp.3-8. Hanke, M. (2010). Statistical learning analysis in neuroscience: aiming for transparency.Frontiers in Neuroscience. Zhang, H. (2011). Statistical Analysis in Genetic Studies of Mental Illnesses.Statist. Sci., 26(1), pp.116-129.

Memo for Raising Awareness on Credit Scores among Interns

Introduction It has come to my attention that most of the interns hired by the bank have significant student loan debts and are struggling financially. These factors have resulted in low credit scores for most of you interns.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Memo for Raising Awareness on Credit Scores among Interns specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I have further on discovered that most of you are unaware of the implications of low credit scores to your future employment opportunities with this bank. I therefore wish to enlighten you on credit scores, their importance, and measures that you can take to raise your individual scores. What are Credit Scores? A credit score is a numeric number that represents your credit risk by summarizing your credit report and payment history. It is used by lenders to determine how likely you are to pay a loan when it is due. Credit scores are determined by a mathematical formula th at is used to forecast the probability that an individual will default on a loan or extension of credit. If you have a lower score, then you have a higher probability of defaulting. FICO scores are the gold standard when it comes to credit scores with 90% of the top banks in the US using these scores to determine the credit worthiness of an individual.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to FICO, credit scores range from 300-850 with a high credit score being considered good while a lower one is bad. Generally, credit scores that are below 600 are considered bad credit while 650 is an average credit. Good credits start at 700 with 850 being supreme and such ratings are of great importance. Importance of Credit Scores Influences your Employment Opportunities Many employers consider credit scores during the recruitment process. While most potential employees do not know this, an e mployer can legally obtain your credit report and this will often be used to determine whether to employ you on a permanent basis or not. Many employers see credit scores as a reflection of the individual’s personality. An individual who has poor scores is assumed to be a great risk since he is already unable to manage his credit. Poor credit scores are also seen as indicators of poor job performance, irresponsibility, and questionable integrity. Influences your Interest Rates The credit score also determines the insurance rates one has to pay in many instances. For example, auto insurance and life insurance rates are set in part based on your credit standing and your credit score. A person who has good credit will be offered a lower rate compared to one with poor credit who will be forced to pay higher premiums.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Memo for Raising Awareness on Credit Scores among Interns specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/p age Learn More Influences Borrowing Success Rates A person’s credit score will also influence his ability to borrow money from financial institutes. Specifically, a good rating score will be helpful when a person is trying to get a loan. Banks and other lenders are more willing to do business with people with high credit scores since such scores are an indication that they will recover at least the principal amount of their loan with little trouble. How to Raise your Credit Scores Obtain a credit score report Getting a credit score with a report will be very helpful in raising your scores. As such, the first step to managing your credit rating is to get your FICO credit score. This will help you to know your credit standing and assist you take measures to improve it if it is poor. If you do not know how to read these reports, you can contact me for further help. Learning how to interpret credit reports is an essential financial skill that you will use throughou t your life. Limit the number of credit cards you have Credit cards present the illusion that a person has free money to use. This is not the case and credit cards should be viewed as borrowed funds that can be costly if one does not manage them properly. Having a limited number of credit cards is therefore a good idea. Having two credit cards; one for regular purchases and one for emergencies, would be a good decision. You should then ensure that expenses remain within the card’s limits at all times. If the limit is reached, avoid the temptation to apply for an additional card. Applying for multiple credit cards over a short period of time will also lower your credit score.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because lenders will perceive this as an attempt by the individual to spend more money than their current credit limits. Each new card will therefore have a negative impact on scores. Make use of a Budget Operating a monthly budget is a very important measure to help you control your credit debt. The budget will assist you to have a clear sense of exactly how much money you are earning and how much you are spending. It will therefore help you manage your cash flow and achieve your financial goals including paying off student loans. Pay your Bills on Time Develop the habit of paying your bills on time every month. You should pay off the balance for every credit card you own promptly and make your monthly loans repayments on time as well. This measure is of very great importance considering the fact that 30% of your credit score is based on timely payment of bills. In addition to this, timeliness of bill payments will save you from the late fees and additional interest charges imposed on those who make their payments late. Automate your finances Many people forget to handle some of their bills on time since they have too many obligations and therefore overlook some. Having an automatic bank payment that credits the bills each month can be very useful. You can also make use of programs that issue you with automatic reminders of bills that are due soon. Automation will ensure that your credit score is not reduced because of your own forgetfulness or disorganization. Make use of a Financial Planner While some people are capable of coming up with good financial management plans on their own, others are not. If you are overwhelmed by your financial obligations and unable to work out the best plan by yourself, you can make use of a financial planner. This professional will assess your financial situation and help you to implement a spending plan that will result in financial health. Conclusion It is important to remember that once a low credit score has been e stablished, increasing the score to a favorable level might take months or even years. It would therefore be more prudent to avoid establishing a bad credit score at the earliest time possible. This essay on Memo for Raising Awareness on Credit Scores among Interns was written and submitted by user Violet D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Planet of the Apes essays

Planet of the Apes essays The mise-en-scene of the movie Planet of the Apes played an astronomical role in all aspects of the movie. Mise-en-scene is everything that is front of the camera from costumes, make-up, setting, and acting. The costumes and make-up were very important in this movie since apes were being played by humans. The actors and actresses had to go through four hours of make-up each day to make sure they looked perfect for the scenes. The director, Tim Burton, wanted to make sure there was a great sense of realism, which is an attitude of the mind that is a desire of the truth, to the movie. Each mask was made up of plaster to mold the face to make each character have a separate face. The rubber plastic is then molded to the face and then detail is put on each characters mask. Hair and make-up are then applied to each mask. The actors then have to get their false teeth made to fit in their mouths. The costumes are created so that they are more advanced than the first Planet of the Apes and more modernized. One example of this is how Mark Wahlbergs space suit changes to a space suit that has been burned and torn apart. The costumes help add to the mood and history of each character. They also had to hand make every piece of clothing for the apes and had to be tailored to each character. The setting of Planet of the Apes is at Lake Powell where there is a lake, giant rock formations, and mountains. Most of the scenes in the movie are in like a city inside a forest and a desert type of region outside of the forest and city. In the final battle scene, the setting takes place in the desert region where there are mountains of sand and rock like structures that resemble Stonehenge. This makes a great for the battle scene since it adds to the atmosphere and mood of the battle. The acting also plays a role in mise-en-scene. The actors in this movie went through training for many months so that they could act as apes naturally. Th...